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Strategy: Active Learning

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Active Learning

What is it?

Active learning strategies often combine a range of learning activities to effectively meet weekly or unit-level objectives. For example, quizzes can be used to gauge the level of factual or conceptual knowledge and this can be followed up with a discussion that examines the results from a quiz or poll. Student-centred activities are then combined in such a way so as to constitute a particular active learning approach. Examples include problem-based, experiential or phenomenon-based learning. These higher-order active learning approaches are outlined in this website and should be considered as examples of active learning ‘flavours’ which can be used and mixed to meet your own particular design requirements.

Why use it?

A useful way of categorising activities along this spectrum is to think about how activities can be used to improve levels of content knowledge in a domain through to thinking about how this knowledge can be extended or applied in different contexts. When learning activities are thought about like this, it becomes easier to decide which activities are appropriate for your students in their learning journeys. Hattie and Yates’ (2013) interpretation of the SOLO taxonomy provides a useful starting point for categorising learning activities according to their function in your learning design. The active learning diagram (above) illustrates this idea because it is likely that if you are implementing problem-based learning, for example, students will be required to identify ideas, relate them and extend them at identified points during the learning process. Active learning, therefore, should not be seen as an additive series of learning stages or phases but as a collection of activities that can be combined to promote your students as active participants in the learning process.

Active learning is not just an approach or set of teaching and learning strategies. It has deep roots in the constructivist and socio-cultural traditions. If you are interested in exploring the theoretical roots of active learning in greater depth see Robertson (2018) and Hattie & Yates (2013). Hattie & Yates (2013) is available as an online book through the University’s library.

References

Hattie, J., & Yates, G. C. R. (2013). Visible Learning and the Science of How We Learn (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315885025 ( eBook available from Western Sydney University Library )

Robertson, L. (2018). Toward an Epistemology of Active Learning in Higher Education and Its Promise. In  Active Learning Strategies in Higher Education: Teaching for Leadership, Innovation, and Creativity  (pp. 17–44). Emerald Publishing Limited.

Associated Learning Theories

  • Community of inquiry
  • Conceptual scaffolding
  • Decentralising the discussion
  • Five Stage Model
  • +4 more

Active learning views students as active participants in the learning process. It  emphasises  the role of active engagement in learning environments to promote higher-order, critical thinking and the development of self-regulated learning practices. As such, the adoption of active learning facilitates the delivery of the flipped model of learning that the university has adopted.


Tools and Technologies

Technology Learning Futures

Padlet is a virtual wall tool where users can add or post content, including, text, images, videos, documents and links, and comments in real time and asynchronously.

Technology Learning Futures

Popplet is an online mind mapping tool that allows users to easily add and organise information.

Technology Learning Futures

GoSoapBox is an online student response system that allows students to interact with their instructors and peers before, during or after a teaching session.

Video
Technology Learning Futures

Western One Stop Studio is a custom-built lecture pod capture system designed to assist you to make short and simple, high quality lecture pods.

Learning Activities

10-2 strategy
Activity Learning Futures

This activity promotes student engagement and promotes active interactions between students and teachers.

Annotated bibliography
Activity Learning Futures

An annotated bibliography encourages students to develop skills in selecting and concisely summarising key themes from selected scholarly resources.

Authentic assessment
Activity Learning Futures

Authentic assessment is one of the key elements in the design of authentic learning materials and environments.

Brainstorm
Activity Learning Futures

Brainstorming is an effective way to encourage students to generate creative ideas and solutions to a specific issue in a safe and supportive environment.

Case studies
Activity Learning Futures

Cases studies are scenarios or stories that are created by students. These can be used to promote analysis and discussion and they encourage exploration and investigation of real-world problems.

Closing summary
Activity Learning Futures

Students summarise the key concepts of the lesson in their own words and synthesise and evaluate the knowledge from the teaching session.

concept map
Activity Learning Futures

A concept/mind map is a teaching and learning technique that can be used to help students synthesise and connect key concepts and ideas.

Debate
Activity Learning Futures

Debate is a systematic approach to teaching and learning that allows students to actively explore a wide range of views on a particular topic or issue.

Field trip, situated
Activity Learning Futures

Field trips are examples of experiential learning. They help to encourage situated pedagogies, critical thinking and problem-solving in real-world contexts.

Fishbowl, active learn
Activity Learning Futures

A student-centred activity that helps actively engage students with the content presented through group discussions.

Active Learning
Activity Learning Futures

Focused listing is an active learning technique that can be used to encourage students to focus on the content being taught and to promote listening and comprehension skills.

Four-Corners Activity
Activity Learning Futures

There are several ways to implement this activity and it can help to promote collaborative learning, knowledge sharing, communication and critical thinking and decision-making skills.

Group work
Activity Learning Futures

Collaborative or group-based learning is a significant part of active and student-centred learning because it promotes student autonomy and student-centred knowledge sharing and construction.

Icebreaker activities
Activity Learning Futures

Initiate discussions and begin the process of building a community among students.

Interviews
Activity Learning Futures

An interview is a learning activity that helps to promote communication skills, knowledge of research design and data analysis and methods for eliciting views and knowledge from individuals or groups.

Jigsaw activity
Activity Learning Futures

Jigsaw is a cooperative learning activity that can be used to develop skills and expertise for effective group-based learning

Modelling
Activity Learning Futures

The modelling of expert processes and performance is a key component of authentic learning.

Misconceptions
Activity Learning Futures

Muddiest point is a strategy which allows the teacher to identify misconception related to learning material or learning activities. This can be designed as a group or individual activity.

Communication
Activity Learning Futures

Use this strategy to promote student skills in communication, analysis, evaluation and synthesis of learning material.

Discussion
Activity Learning Futures

Panel discussion is a great way to engage students in meaningful classroom discussions and it provides an opportunity for students to experience authentic real life, panel-based activities

Practical report
Activity Learning Futures

Practical reports enable students to document processes related to field work, experiments or other forms of investigation.

Activity Learning Futures

Presentations provide opportunities for students to communicate ideas and to analyse, evaluate and synthesise different perspectives.

responsive lecture
Activity Learning Futures

Responsive lecture is a strategy which encourages active listening as students are encouraged to reflect on the lecture material prior to attending and participating in the lecture.

Role play
Activity Learning Futures

Role play is a form of experiential learning that promotes collaborative learning practices using authentic scenarios and problems

Peer assessment
Activity Learning Futures

Peer assessment requires students to monitor and make judgments about the quality of their peer’s work and achievement of learning outcomes.

Activity Learning Futures

The use of simulation promotes deep learning, critical thinking, knowledge transfer and provides a safe environment for students to experiment with ideas and development of skills

Activity Learning Futures

The snowball activity is an active learning strategy that promotes the development of communication skills and knowledge sharing within collaborative learning settings.

Think-pair-share
Activity Learning Futures

Think-pair-share is a collaborative learning strategy where students are encouraged to share and discuss ideas around a given concept or problem.

Voting
Activity Learning Futures

This strategy promotes rich class discussions through the generation of various perspectives. Voting can also be used as an icebreaker activity to promote the development of your learning community.

Activity Learning Futures

World cafe is a collaborative teaching and learning strategy that promotes an environment for structured discussions for sharing knowledge and perspectives.

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